515 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
515 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
# 💻 Command组件详解
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## 📖 什么是Command
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Command是直接响应用户明确指令的组件，与Action不同，Command是**被动触发**的，当用户输入特定格式的命令时立即执行。Command通过正则表达式匹配用户输入，提供确定性的功能服务。
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### 🎯 Command的特点
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- 🎯 **确定性执行**：匹配到命令立即执行，无随机性
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- ⚡ **即时响应**：用户主动触发，快速响应
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- 🔍 **正则匹配**：通过正则表达式精确匹配用户输入
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- 🛑 **拦截控制**：可以控制是否阻止消息继续处理
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- 📝 **参数解析**：支持从用户输入中提取参数
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## 🆚 Action vs Command 核心区别
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| 特征 | Action | Command |
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| ------------------ | --------------------- | ---------------- |
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| **触发方式** | 麦麦主动决策使用 | 用户主动触发 |
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| **决策机制** | 两层决策（激活+使用） | 直接匹配执行 |
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| **随机性** | 有随机性和智能性 | 确定性执行 |
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| **用途** | 增强麦麦行为拟人化 | 提供具体功能服务 |
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| **性能影响** | 需要LLM决策 | 正则匹配，性能好 |
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## 🏗️ Command基本结构
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### 必须属性
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```python
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from src.plugin_system import BaseCommand
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class MyCommand(BaseCommand):
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# 正则表达式匹配模式
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command_pattern = r"^/help\s+(?P<topic>\w+)$"
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# 命令帮助说明
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command_help = "显示指定主题的帮助信息"
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# 使用示例
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command_examples = ["/help action", "/help command"]
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# 是否拦截后续处理
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intercept_message = True
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async def execute(self) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
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"""执行命令逻辑"""
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# 命令执行逻辑
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return True, "执行成功"
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```
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### 属性说明
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| 属性 | 类型 | 说明 |
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| --------------------- | --------- | -------------------- |
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| `command_pattern` | str | 正则表达式匹配模式 |
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| `command_help` | str | 命令帮助说明 |
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| `command_examples` | List[str] | 使用示例列表 |
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| `intercept_message` | bool | 是否拦截消息继续处理 |
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## 🔍 正则表达式匹配
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### 基础匹配
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```python
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class SimpleCommand(BaseCommand):
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# 匹配 /ping
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command_pattern = r"^/ping$"
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async def execute(self) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
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await self.send_text("Pong!")
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return True, "发送了Pong回复"
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```
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### 参数捕获
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使用命名组 `(?P<n>pattern)` 捕获参数：
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```python
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class UserCommand(BaseCommand):
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# 匹配 /user add 张三 或 /user del 李四
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command_pattern = r"^/user\s+(?P<action>add|del|info)\s+(?P<username>\w+)$"
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async def execute(self) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
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# 通过 self.matched_groups 获取捕获的参数
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action = self.matched_groups.get("action")
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username = self.matched_groups.get("username")
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if action == "add":
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await self.send_text(f"添加用户：{username}")
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elif action == "del":
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await self.send_text(f"删除用户：{username}")
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elif action == "info":
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await self.send_text(f"用户信息：{username}")
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return True, f"执行了{action}操作"
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```
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### 可选参数
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```python
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class HelpCommand(BaseCommand):
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# 匹配 /help 或 /help topic
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command_pattern = r"^/help(?:\s+(?P<topic>\w+))?$"
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async def execute(self) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
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topic = self.matched_groups.get("topic")
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if topic:
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await self.send_text(f"显示{topic}的帮助")
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else:
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await self.send_text("显示总体帮助")
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return True, "显示了帮助信息"
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```
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## 🛑 拦截控制详解
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### 拦截消息 (intercept_message = True)
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```python
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class AdminCommand(BaseCommand):
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command_pattern = r"^/admin\s+.+"
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command_help = "管理员命令"
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intercept_message = True # 拦截，不继续处理
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async def execute(self) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
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# 执行管理操作
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await self.send_text("执行管理命令")
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# 消息不会继续传递给其他组件
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return True, "管理命令执行完成"
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```
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### 不拦截消息 (intercept_message = False)
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```python
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class LogCommand(BaseCommand):
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command_pattern = r"^/log\s+.+"
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command_help = "记录日志"
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intercept_message = False # 不拦截，继续处理
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async def execute(self) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
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# 记录日志但不阻止后续处理
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await self.send_text("已记录到日志")
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# 消息会继续传递，可能触发Action等其他组件
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return True, "日志记录完成"
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```
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### 拦截控制的用途
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| 场景 | intercept_message | 说明 |
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| -------- | ----------------- | -------------------------- |
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| 系统命令 | True | 防止命令被当作普通消息处理 |
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| 查询命令 | True | 直接返回结果，无需后续处理 |
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| 日志命令 | False | 记录但允许消息继续流转 |
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| 监控命令 | False | 监控但不影响正常聊天 |
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## 🎨 完整Command示例
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### 用户管理Command
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```python
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from src.plugin_system import BaseCommand
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from typing import Tuple, Optional
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class UserManagementCommand(BaseCommand):
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"""用户管理Command - 展示复杂参数处理"""
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command_pattern = r"^/user\s+(?P<action>add|del|list|info)\s*(?P<username>\w+)?(?:\s+--(?P<options>.+))?$"
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command_help = "用户管理命令，支持添加、删除、列表、信息查询"
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command_examples = [
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"/user add 张三",
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"/user del 李四",
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"/user list",
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"/user info 王五",
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"/user add 赵六 --role=admin"
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]
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intercept_message = True
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async def execute(self) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
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"""执行用户管理命令"""
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try:
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action = self.matched_groups.get("action")
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username = self.matched_groups.get("username")
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options = self.matched_groups.get("options")
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# 解析选项
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parsed_options = self._parse_options(options) if options else {}
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if action == "add":
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return await self._add_user(username, parsed_options)
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elif action == "del":
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return await self._delete_user(username)
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elif action == "list":
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return await self._list_users()
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elif action == "info":
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return await self._show_user_info(username)
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else:
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await self.send_text("❌ 不支持的操作")
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return False, f"不支持的操作: {action}"
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except Exception as e:
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await self.send_text(f"❌ 命令执行失败: {str(e)}")
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return False, f"执行失败: {e}"
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def _parse_options(self, options_str: str) -> dict:
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"""解析命令选项"""
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options = {}
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if options_str:
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for opt in options_str.split():
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if "=" in opt:
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key, value = opt.split("=", 1)
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options[key] = value
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return options
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async def _add_user(self, username: str, options: dict) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
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"""添加用户"""
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if not username:
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await self.send_text("❌ 请指定用户名")
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return False, "缺少用户名参数"
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# 检查用户是否已存在
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existing_users = await self._get_user_list()
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if username in existing_users:
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await self.send_text(f"❌ 用户 {username} 已存在")
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return False, f"用户已存在: {username}"
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# 添加用户逻辑
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role = options.get("role", "user")
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await self.send_text(f"✅ 成功添加用户 {username}，角色: {role}")
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return True, f"添加用户成功: {username}"
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async def _delete_user(self, username: str) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
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"""删除用户"""
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if not username:
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await self.send_text("❌ 请指定用户名")
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return False, "缺少用户名参数"
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await self.send_text(f"✅ 用户 {username} 已删除")
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return True, f"删除用户成功: {username}"
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async def _list_users(self) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
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"""列出所有用户"""
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users = await self._get_user_list()
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if users:
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user_list = "\n".join([f"• {user}" for user in users])
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await self.send_text(f"📋 用户列表:\n{user_list}")
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else:
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await self.send_text("📋 暂无用户")
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return True, "显示用户列表"
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async def _show_user_info(self, username: str) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
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"""显示用户信息"""
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if not username:
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await self.send_text("❌ 请指定用户名")
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return False, "缺少用户名参数"
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# 模拟用户信息
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user_info = f"""
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👤 用户信息: {username}
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📧 邮箱: {username}@example.com
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🕒 注册时间: 2024-01-01
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🎯 角色: 普通用户
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""".strip()
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await self.send_text(user_info)
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return True, f"显示用户信息: {username}"
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async def _get_user_list(self) -> list:
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"""获取用户列表（示例）"""
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return ["张三", "李四", "王五"]
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```
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### 系统信息Command
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```python
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class SystemInfoCommand(BaseCommand):
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"""系统信息Command - 展示系统查询功能"""
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command_pattern = r"^/(?:status|info)(?:\s+(?P<type>system|memory|plugins|all))?$"
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command_help = "查询系统状态信息"
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command_examples = [
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"/status",
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"/info system",
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"/status memory",
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"/info plugins"
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]
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intercept_message = True
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async def execute(self) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
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"""执行系统信息查询"""
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info_type = self.matched_groups.get("type", "all")
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try:
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if info_type in ["system", "all"]:
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await self._show_system_info()
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if info_type in ["memory", "all"]:
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await self._show_memory_info()
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if info_type in ["plugins", "all"]:
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await self._show_plugin_info()
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return True, f"显示了{info_type}类型的系统信息"
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except Exception as e:
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await self.send_text(f"❌ 获取系统信息失败: {str(e)}")
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return False, f"查询失败: {e}"
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async def _show_system_info(self):
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"""显示系统信息"""
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import platform
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import datetime
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system_info = f"""
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🖥️ **系统信息**
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📱 平台: {platform.system()} {platform.release()}
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🐍 Python: {platform.python_version()}
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⏰ 运行时间: {datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}
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""".strip()
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await self.send_text(system_info)
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async def _show_memory_info(self):
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"""显示内存信息"""
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import psutil
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memory = psutil.virtual_memory()
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memory_info = f"""
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💾 **内存信息**
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📊 总内存: {memory.total // (1024**3)} GB
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🟢 可用内存: {memory.available // (1024**3)} GB
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📈 使用率: {memory.percent}%
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""".strip()
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await self.send_text(memory_info)
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async def _show_plugin_info(self):
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"""显示插件信息"""
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# 通过配置获取插件信息
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plugins = await self._get_loaded_plugins()
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plugin_info = f"""
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🔌 **插件信息**
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📦 已加载插件: {len(plugins)}
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🔧 活跃插件: {len([p for p in plugins if p.get('active', False)])}
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""".strip()
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await self.send_text(plugin_info)
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async def _get_loaded_plugins(self) -> list:
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"""获取已加载的插件列表"""
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# 这里可以通过配置或API获取实际的插件信息
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return [
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{"name": "core_actions", "active": True},
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{"name": "example_plugin", "active": True},
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]
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```
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### 自定义前缀Command
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```python
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class CustomPrefixCommand(BaseCommand):
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"""自定义前缀Command - 展示非/前缀的命令"""
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# 使用!前缀而不是/前缀
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command_pattern = r"^[!！](?P<command>roll|dice)\s*(?P<count>\d+)?$"
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command_help = "骰子命令，使用!前缀"
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command_examples = ["!roll", "!dice 6", "！roll 20"]
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intercept_message = True
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async def execute(self) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
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"""执行骰子命令"""
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import random
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command = self.matched_groups.get("command")
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count = int(self.matched_groups.get("count", "6"))
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# 限制骰子面数
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if count > 100:
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await self.send_text("❌ 骰子面数不能超过100")
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return False, "骰子面数超限"
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result = random.randint(1, count)
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await self.send_text(f"🎲 投掷{count}面骰子，结果: {result}")
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return True, f"投掷了{count}面骰子，结果{result}"
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```
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## 📊 性能优化建议
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### 1. 正则表达式优化
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```python
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# ✅ 好的做法 - 简单直接
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command_pattern = r"^/ping$"
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# ❌ 避免 - 过于复杂
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command_pattern = r"^/(?:ping|pong|test|check|status|info|help|...)"
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# ✅ 好的做法 - 分离复杂逻辑
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```
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### 2. 参数验证
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```python
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# ✅ 好的做法 - 早期验证
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async def execute(self) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
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username = self.matched_groups.get("username")
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if not username:
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await self.send_text("❌ 请提供用户名")
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return False, "缺少参数"
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# 继续处理...
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```
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### 3. 错误处理
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```python
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# ✅ 好的做法 - 完整错误处理
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async def execute(self) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
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try:
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# 主要逻辑
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result = await self._process_command()
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return True, "执行成功"
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except ValueError as e:
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await self.send_text(f"❌ 参数错误: {e}")
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return False, f"参数错误: {e}"
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except Exception as e:
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await self.send_text(f"❌ 执行失败: {e}")
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return False, f"执行失败: {e}"
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```
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## 🎯 最佳实践
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### 1. 命令设计原则
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```python
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# ✅ 好的命令设计
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"/user add 张三" # 动作 + 对象 + 参数
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"/config set key=value" # 动作 + 子动作 + 参数
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"/help command" # 动作 + 可选参数
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# ❌ 避免的设计
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"/add_user_with_name_张三" # 过于冗长
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"/u a 张三" # 过于简写
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```
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### 2. 帮助信息
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```python
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class WellDocumentedCommand(BaseCommand):
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command_pattern = r"^/example\s+(?P<param>\w+)$"
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command_help = "示例命令：处理指定参数并返回结果"
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command_examples = [
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"/example test",
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"/example debug",
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"/example production"
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]
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```
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### 3. 错误处理
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```python
|
||
async def execute(self) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
|
||
param = self.matched_groups.get("param")
|
||
|
||
# 参数验证
|
||
if param not in ["test", "debug", "production"]:
|
||
await self.send_text("❌ 无效的参数，支持: test, debug, production")
|
||
return False, "无效参数"
|
||
|
||
# 执行逻辑
|
||
try:
|
||
result = await self._process_param(param)
|
||
await self.send_text(f"✅ 处理完成: {result}")
|
||
return True, f"处理{param}成功"
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
await self.send_text("❌ 处理失败，请稍后重试")
|
||
return False, f"处理失败: {e}"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 4. 配置集成
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
async def execute(self) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
|
||
# 从配置读取设置
|
||
max_items = self.get_config("command.max_items", 10)
|
||
timeout = self.get_config("command.timeout", 30)
|
||
|
||
# 使用配置进行处理
|
||
...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 📝 Command vs Action 选择指南
|
||
|
||
### 使用Command的场景
|
||
|
||
- ✅ 用户需要明确调用特定功能
|
||
- ✅ 需要精确的参数控制
|
||
- ✅ 管理和配置操作
|
||
- ✅ 查询和信息显示
|
||
- ✅ 系统维护命令
|
||
|
||
### 使用Action的场景
|
||
|
||
- ✅ 增强麦麦的智能行为
|
||
- ✅ 根据上下文自动触发
|
||
- ✅ 情绪和表情表达
|
||
- ✅ 智能建议和帮助
|
||
- ✅ 随机化的互动
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
🎉 **现在你已经掌握了Command组件开发的完整知识！继续学习 [API参考](api/) 来了解所有可用的接口。**
|