diff --git a/src/api/memory_visualizer_router.py b/src/api/memory_visualizer_router.py
index e1137d684..2e4e1d482 100644
--- a/src/api/memory_visualizer_router.py
+++ b/src/api/memory_visualizer_router.py
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ async def get_full_graph():
             data = _format_graph_data_from_manager(memory_manager)
         else:
             # 如果内存管理器不可用，则从文件加载
-            data = load_graph_data_from_file()
+            data = await load_graph_data_from_file()
 
         return JSONResponse(content={"success": True, "data": data})
     except Exception as e:
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ async def get_graph_summary():
                 "current_file": "memory_manager (实时数据)",
             }})
         else:
-            data = load_graph_data_from_file()
+            data = await load_graph_data_from_file()
             return JSONResponse(content={"success": True, "data": {
                 "stats": data.get("stats", {}),
                 "current_file": data.get("current_file", ""),
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ async def get_paginated_graph(
         if memory_manager and memory_manager._initialized:
             full_data = _format_graph_data_from_manager(memory_manager)
         else:
-            full_data = load_graph_data_from_file()
+            full_data = await load_graph_data_from_file()
 
         nodes = full_data.get("nodes", [])
         edges = full_data.get("edges", [])
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ async def get_clustered_graph(
         if memory_manager and memory_manager._initialized:
             full_data = _format_graph_data_from_manager(memory_manager)
         else:
-            full_data = load_graph_data_from_file()
+            full_data = await load_graph_data_from_file()
 
         nodes = full_data.get("nodes", [])
         edges = full_data.get("edges", [])
@@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ async def select_file(request: Request):
 
         graph_data_cache = None
         current_data_file = file_to_load
-        graph_data = load_graph_data_from_file(file_to_load)
+        graph_data = await load_graph_data_from_file(file_to_load)
 
         return JSONResponse(
             content={
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ async def reload_data():
     """重新加载数据"""
     global graph_data_cache
     graph_data_cache = None
-    data = load_graph_data_from_file()
+    data = await load_graph_data_from_file()
     return JSONResponse(content={"success": True, "message": "数据已重新加载", "stats": data.get("stats", {})})
 
 
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ async def search_memories(q: str, limit: int = 50):
                     )
         else:
             # 从文件加载的数据中搜索 (降级方案)
-            data = load_graph_data_from_file()
+            data = await load_graph_data_from_file()
             for memory in data.get("memories", []):
                 if q.lower() in memory.get("text", "").lower():
                     results.append(memory)
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ async def search_memories(q: str, limit: int = 50):
 async def get_statistics():
     """获取统计信息"""
     try:
-        data = load_graph_data_from_file()
+        data = await load_graph_data_from_file()
 
         node_types = {}
         memory_types = {}
diff --git a/src/memory_graph/manager.py b/src/memory_graph/manager.py
index 32fe76f20..ac43ff954 100644
--- a/src/memory_graph/manager.py
+++ b/src/memory_graph/manager.py
@@ -327,8 +327,8 @@ class MemoryManager:
 
             memory.updated_at = datetime.now()
 
-            # 保存更新
-            await self.persistence.save_graph_store(self.graph_store)
+            # 异步保存更新（不阻塞当前操作）
+            asyncio.create_task(self._async_save_graph_store("更新记忆"))
             logger.info(f"记忆更新成功: {memory_id}")
             return True
 
@@ -363,8 +363,8 @@ class MemoryManager:
             # 从图存储删除记忆
             self.graph_store.remove_memory(memory_id)
 
-            # 保存更新
-            await self.persistence.save_graph_store(self.graph_store)
+            # 异步保存更新（不阻塞当前操作）
+            asyncio.create_task(self._async_save_graph_store("删除记忆"))
             logger.info(f"记忆删除成功: {memory_id}")
             return True
 
@@ -595,8 +595,8 @@ class MemoryManager:
                 for related_id in related_memories[:max_related]:
                     await self.activate_memory(related_id, propagation_strength)
 
-            # 保存更新
-            await self.persistence.save_graph_store(self.graph_store)
+            # 异步保存更新（不阻塞当前操作）
+            asyncio.create_task(self._async_save_graph_store("激活记忆"))
             logger.debug(f"记忆已激活: {memory_id} (level={new_activation:.3f})")
             return True
 
@@ -663,9 +663,9 @@ class MemoryManager:
                     "strength": strength
                 })
 
-            # 批量保存到数据库
+            # 批量保存到数据库（异步执行）
             if activation_updates:
-                await self.persistence.save_graph_store(self.graph_store)
+                asyncio.create_task(self._async_save_graph_store("批量激活更新"))
 
                 # 激活传播（异步执行，不阻塞主流程）
                 asyncio.create_task(self._batch_propagate_activation(memories_to_activate, base_strength))
@@ -752,8 +752,8 @@ class MemoryManager:
             base_strength: 基础激活强度
         """
         try:
-            # 批量保存到数据库
-            await self.persistence.save_graph_store(self.graph_store)
+            # 批量保存到数据库（异步执行）
+            asyncio.create_task(self._async_save_graph_store("后台激活更新"))
 
             # 简化的激活传播（仅在强度足够时执行）
             if base_strength > 0.08:  # 提高传播阈值，减少传播频率
@@ -952,8 +952,8 @@ class MemoryManager:
                 else:
                     logger.debug(f"记忆已删除: {memory_id} (删除了 {deleted_vectors} 个向量)")
 
-                # 4. 保存更新
-                await self.persistence.save_graph_store(self.graph_store)
+                # 4. 异步保存更新（不阻塞当前操作）
+                asyncio.create_task(self._async_save_graph_store("删除相关记忆"))
                 return True
             else:
                 logger.error(f"从图存储删除记忆失败: {memory_id}")
@@ -1375,9 +1375,9 @@ class MemoryManager:
                     except Exception as e:
                         logger.warning(f"删除记忆 {memory.id[:8]} 失败: {e}")
 
-                # 批量保存（一次性写入，减少I/O）
-                await self.persistence.save_graph_store(self.graph_store)
-                logger.info("💾 去重保存完成")
+                # 批量保存（一次性写入，减少I/O，异步执行）
+                asyncio.create_task(self._async_save_graph_store("记忆去重"))
+                logger.info("💾 去重保存任务已启动")
 
             # ===== 步骤4: 向量检索关联记忆 + LLM分析关系 =====
             # 过滤掉已删除的记忆
@@ -1486,9 +1486,9 @@ class MemoryManager:
                     except Exception as e:
                         logger.warning(f"添加边到图失败: {e}")
 
-                # 批量保存更新
-                await self.persistence.save_graph_store(self.graph_store)
-                logger.info("💾 关联边保存完成")
+                # 批量保存更新（异步执行）
+                asyncio.create_task(self._async_save_graph_store("记忆关联边"))
+                logger.info("💾 关联边保存任务已启动")
 
             logger.info(f"✅ 记忆整理完成: {result}")
 
@@ -1636,10 +1636,10 @@ class MemoryManager:
                         logger.warning(f"建立关联失败: {e}")
                         continue
 
-            # 保存更新后的图数据
+            # 异步保存更新后的图数据
             if result["linked_count"] > 0:
-                await self.persistence.save_graph_store(self.graph_store)
-                logger.info(f"已保存 {result['linked_count']} 条自动关联边")
+                asyncio.create_task(self._async_save_graph_store("自动关联"))
+                logger.info(f"已启动保存任务: {result['linked_count']} 条自动关联边")
 
             logger.info(f"自动关联完成: {result}")
             return result
@@ -2335,3 +2335,28 @@ class MemoryManager:
         finally:
             self._maintenance_running = False
             logger.debug("维护循环已清理完毕")
+
+    async def _async_save_graph_store(self, operation_name: str = "未知操作") -> None:
+        """
+        异步保存图存储到磁盘
+
+        此方法设计为在后台任务中执行，包含错误处理
+
+        Args:
+            operation_name: 操作名称，用于日志记录
+        """
+        try:
+            # 确保图存储存在且已初始化
+            if self.graph_store is None:
+                logger.warning(f"图存储未初始化，跳过异步保存: {operation_name}")
+                return
+
+            if self.persistence is None:
+                logger.warning(f"持久化管理器未初始化，跳过异步保存: {operation_name}")
+                return
+
+            await self.persistence.save_graph_store(self.graph_store)
+            logger.debug(f"异步保存图数据成功: {operation_name}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"异步保存图数据失败 ({operation_name}): {e}", exc_info=True)
+            # 可以考虑添加重试机制或者通知机制
diff --git a/src/memory_graph/storage/persistence.py b/src/memory_graph/storage/persistence.py
index 23b6a0735..70e745099 100644
--- a/src/memory_graph/storage/persistence.py
+++ b/src/memory_graph/storage/persistence.py
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ class PersistenceManager:
         self.auto_save_interval = auto_save_interval
         self._auto_save_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
         self._running = False
+        self._file_lock = asyncio.Lock()  # 文件操作锁
 
         logger.info(f"初始化持久化管理器: data_dir={data_dir}")
 
@@ -66,34 +67,53 @@ class PersistenceManager:
         Args:
             graph_store: 图存储对象
         """
-        try:
-            # 转换为字典
-            data = graph_store.to_dict()
+        async with self._file_lock:  # 使用文件锁防止并发访问
+            try:
+                # 转换为字典
+                data = graph_store.to_dict()
 
-            # 添加元数据
-            data["metadata"] = {
-                "version": "0.1.0",
-                "saved_at": datetime.now().isoformat(),
-                "statistics": graph_store.get_statistics(),
-            }
+                # 添加元数据
+                data["metadata"] = {
+                    "version": "0.1.0",
+                    "saved_at": datetime.now().isoformat(),
+                    "statistics": graph_store.get_statistics(),
+                }
 
-            # 使用 orjson 序列化（更快）
-            json_data = orjson.dumps(
-                data,
-                option=orjson.OPT_INDENT_2 | orjson.OPT_SERIALIZE_NUMPY,
-            )
+                # 使用 orjson 序列化（更快）
+                json_data = orjson.dumps(
+                    data,
+                    option=orjson.OPT_INDENT_2 | orjson.OPT_SERIALIZE_NUMPY,
+                )
 
-            # 原子写入（先写临时文件，再重命名）
-            temp_file = self.graph_file.with_suffix(".tmp")
-            async with aiofiles.open(temp_file, "wb") as f:
-                await f.write(json_data)
-            temp_file.replace(self.graph_file)
+                # 原子写入（先写临时文件，再重命名）
+                temp_file = self.graph_file.with_suffix(".tmp")
+                async with aiofiles.open(temp_file, "wb") as f:
+                    await f.write(json_data)
 
-            logger.info(f"图数据已保存: {self.graph_file}, 大小: {len(json_data) / 1024:.2f} KB")
+                # 在Windows上，确保目标文件没有被占用
+                if self.graph_file.exists():
+                    import os
+                    try:
+                        os.unlink(self.graph_file)
+                    except OSError:
+                        # 如果无法删除，等待一小段时间再重试
+                        await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+                        try:
+                            os.unlink(self.graph_file)
+                        except OSError:
+                            # 如果还是失败，使用备用策略
+                            backup_file = self.graph_file.with_suffix(".bak")
+                            if backup_file.exists():
+                                os.unlink(backup_file)
+                            self.graph_file.rename(backup_file)
 
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"保存图数据失败: {e}", exc_info=True)
-            raise
+                temp_file.replace(self.graph_file)
+
+                logger.info(f"图数据已保存: {self.graph_file}, 大小: {len(json_data) / 1024:.2f} KB")
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"保存图数据失败: {e}", exc_info=True)
+                raise
 
     async def load_graph_store(self) -> GraphStore | None:
         """
@@ -106,26 +126,36 @@ class PersistenceManager:
             logger.info("图数据文件不存在，返回空图")
             return None
 
-        try:
-            # 读取文件
-            async with aiofiles.open(self.graph_file, "rb") as f:
-                json_data = await f.read()
-            data = orjson.loads(json_data)
+        async with self._file_lock:  # 使用文件锁防止并发访问
+                try:
+                    # 读取文件，添加重试机制处理可能的文件锁定
+                    max_retries = 3
+                    for attempt in range(max_retries):
+                        try:
+                            async with aiofiles.open(self.graph_file, "rb") as f:
+                                json_data = await f.read()
+                            data = orjson.loads(json_data)
+                            break
+                        except OSError as e:
+                            if attempt == max_retries - 1:
+                                raise
+                            logger.warning(f"读取图数据文件失败 (尝试 {attempt + 1}/{max_retries}): {e}")
+                            await asyncio.sleep(0.1 * (attempt + 1))
 
-            # 检查版本（未来可能需要数据迁移）
-            version = data.get("metadata", {}).get("version", "unknown")
-            logger.info(f"加载图数据: version={version}")
+                    # 检查版本（未来可能需要数据迁移）
+                    version = data.get("metadata", {}).get("version", "unknown")
+                    logger.info(f"加载图数据: version={version}")
 
-            # 恢复图存储
-            graph_store = GraphStore.from_dict(data)
+                    # 恢复图存储
+                    graph_store = GraphStore.from_dict(data)
 
-            logger.info(f"图数据加载完成: {graph_store.get_statistics()}")
-            return graph_store
+                    logger.info(f"图数据加载完成: {graph_store.get_statistics()}")
+                    return graph_store
 
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"加载图数据失败: {e}", exc_info=True)
-            # 尝试加载备份
-            return await self._load_from_backup()
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.error(f"加载图数据失败: {e}", exc_info=True)
+                    # 尝试加载备份
+                    return await self._load_from_backup()
 
     async def save_staged_memories(self, staged_memories: list[StagedMemory]) -> None:
         """
@@ -134,28 +164,47 @@ class PersistenceManager:
         Args:
             staged_memories: 临时记忆列表
         """
-        try:
-            data = {
-                "metadata": {
-                    "version": "0.1.0",
-                    "saved_at": datetime.now().isoformat(),
-                    "count": len(staged_memories),
-                },
-                "staged_memories": [sm.to_dict() for sm in staged_memories],
-            }
+        async with self._file_lock:  # 使用文件锁防止并发访问
+            try:
+                data = {
+                    "metadata": {
+                        "version": "0.1.0",
+                        "saved_at": datetime.now().isoformat(),
+                        "count": len(staged_memories),
+                    },
+                    "staged_memories": [sm.to_dict() for sm in staged_memories],
+                }
 
-            json_data = orjson.dumps(data, option=orjson.OPT_INDENT_2 | orjson.OPT_SERIALIZE_NUMPY)
+                json_data = orjson.dumps(data, option=orjson.OPT_INDENT_2 | orjson.OPT_SERIALIZE_NUMPY)
 
-            temp_file = self.staged_file.with_suffix(".tmp")
-            async with aiofiles.open(temp_file, "wb") as f:
-                await f.write(json_data)
-            temp_file.replace(self.staged_file)
+                temp_file = self.staged_file.with_suffix(".tmp")
+                async with aiofiles.open(temp_file, "wb") as f:
+                    await f.write(json_data)
 
-            logger.info(f"临时记忆已保存: {len(staged_memories)} 条")
+                # 在Windows上，确保目标文件没有被占用
+                if self.staged_file.exists():
+                    import os
+                    try:
+                        os.unlink(self.staged_file)
+                    except OSError:
+                        # 如果无法删除，等待一小段时间再重试
+                        await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+                        try:
+                            os.unlink(self.staged_file)
+                        except OSError:
+                            # 如果还是失败，使用备用策略
+                            backup_file = self.staged_file.with_suffix(".bak")
+                            if backup_file.exists():
+                                os.unlink(backup_file)
+                            self.staged_file.rename(backup_file)
 
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"保存临时记忆失败: {e}", exc_info=True)
-            raise
+                temp_file.replace(self.staged_file)
+
+                logger.info(f"临时记忆已保存: {len(staged_memories)} 条")
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"保存临时记忆失败: {e}", exc_info=True)
+                raise
 
     async def load_staged_memories(self) -> list[StagedMemory]:
         """
@@ -168,19 +217,30 @@ class PersistenceManager:
             logger.info("临时记忆文件不存在，返回空列表")
             return []
 
-        try:
-            async with aiofiles.open(self.staged_file, "rb") as f:
-                json_data = await f.read()
-            data = orjson.loads(json_data)
+        async with self._file_lock:  # 使用文件锁防止并发访问
+                try:
+                    # 读取文件，添加重试机制处理可能的文件锁定
+                    max_retries = 3
+                    for attempt in range(max_retries):
+                        try:
+                            async with aiofiles.open(self.staged_file, "rb") as f:
+                                json_data = await f.read()
+                            data = orjson.loads(json_data)
+                            break
+                        except OSError as e:
+                            if attempt == max_retries - 1:
+                                raise
+                            logger.warning(f"读取临时记忆文件失败 (尝试 {attempt + 1}/{max_retries}): {e}")
+                            await asyncio.sleep(0.1 * (attempt + 1))
 
-            staged_memories = [StagedMemory.from_dict(sm) for sm in data.get("staged_memories", [])]
+                    staged_memories = [StagedMemory.from_dict(sm) for sm in data.get("staged_memories", [])]
 
-            logger.info(f"临时记忆加载完成: {len(staged_memories)} 条")
-            return staged_memories
+                    logger.info(f"临时记忆加载完成: {len(staged_memories)} 条")
+                    return staged_memories
 
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"加载临时记忆失败: {e}", exc_info=True)
-            return []
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.error(f"加载临时记忆失败: {e}", exc_info=True)
+                    return []
 
     async def create_backup(self) -> Path | None:
         """
@@ -225,9 +285,19 @@ class PersistenceManager:
             latest_backup = backup_files[0]
             logger.warning(f"尝试从备份恢复: {latest_backup}")
 
-            async with aiofiles.open(latest_backup, "rb") as f:
-                json_data = await f.read()
-            data = orjson.loads(json_data)
+            # 读取备份文件，添加重试机制
+            max_retries = 3
+            for attempt in range(max_retries):
+                try:
+                    async with aiofiles.open(latest_backup, "rb") as f:
+                        json_data = await f.read()
+                    data = orjson.loads(json_data)
+                    break
+                except OSError as e:
+                    if attempt == max_retries - 1:
+                        raise
+                    logger.warning(f"读取备份文件失败 (尝试 {attempt + 1}/{max_retries}): {e}")
+                    await asyncio.sleep(0.1 * (attempt + 1))
 
             graph_store = GraphStore.from_dict(data)
             logger.info(f"从备份恢复成功: {graph_store.get_statistics()}")
diff --git a/src/memory_graph/tools/memory_tools.py b/src/memory_graph/tools/memory_tools.py
index 20a9022f3..88e77b34b 100644
--- a/src/memory_graph/tools/memory_tools.py
+++ b/src/memory_graph/tools/memory_tools.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ LLM 工具接口：定义记忆系统的工具 schema 和执行逻辑
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import asyncio
 from typing import Any
 
 from src.common.logger import get_logger
@@ -376,8 +377,8 @@ class MemoryTools:
             # 3. 添加到存储（暂存状态）
             await self._add_memory_to_stores(memory)
 
-            # 4. 保存到磁盘
-            await self.persistence_manager.save_graph_store(self.graph_store)
+            # 4. 异步保存到磁盘（不阻塞当前操作）
+            asyncio.create_task(self._async_save_graph_store())
 
             logger.info(f"记忆创建成功: {memory.id}")
 
@@ -456,8 +457,8 @@ class MemoryTools:
                 **edge.metadata
             )
 
-            # 5. 保存
-            await self.persistence_manager.save_graph_store(self.graph_store)
+            # 5. 异步保存（不阻塞当前操作）
+            asyncio.create_task(self._async_save_graph_store())
 
             logger.info(f"记忆关联成功: {source_memory.id} -> {target_memory.id}")
 
@@ -918,7 +919,6 @@ class MemoryTools:
 
             # 获取上下文信息
             chat_history = context.get("chat_history", "") if context else ""
-            sender = context.get("sender", "") if context else ""
 
             # 处理聊天历史，提取最近5条左右的对话
             recent_chat = ""
@@ -937,6 +937,7 @@ class MemoryTools:
 **最近聊天记录（最近10条）：**
 {recent_chat if recent_chat else '无聊天历史'}
 
+**目标消息：** {query}
 ---
 
 ## 第一步：分析查询意图与记忆类型
@@ -1313,3 +1314,24 @@ class MemoryTools:
             MemoryTools.get_link_memories_schema(),
             MemoryTools.get_search_memories_schema(),
         ]
+
+    async def _async_save_graph_store(self) -> None:
+        """
+        异步保存图存储到磁盘
+
+        此方法设计为在后台任务中执行，包含错误处理
+        """
+        try:
+            # 确保组件已初始化
+            if self.graph_store is None:
+                logger.warning("图存储未初始化，跳过异步保存")
+                return
+
+            if self.persistence_manager is None:
+                logger.warning("持久化管理器未初始化，跳过异步保存")
+                return
+
+            await self.persistence_manager.save_graph_store(self.graph_store)
+            logger.debug("异步保存图数据成功")
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"异步保存图数据失败: {e}", exc_info=True)